Planning for the Future: How Public Transport Authorities Can Lead with Self-Driving Shuttles
In the future, buses might not need drivers. They could pick you up when you need them, and only stop where passengers request it. This is not science fiction — it's called Automated Mobility on Demand (AMoD), and it’s already being tested across Europe.
As part of the CAMINO project, public transport authorities (PTAs) are preparing to bring AMoD into cities and regions. One of these places is Almere, in the Netherlands. Their work shows how AMoD can help build smarter, more inclusive, and more efficient transport systems.
Why Should PTAs Invest in AMoD?
PTAs are facing challenges: budget cuts, labour shortages, and the need to reduce car use. AMoD offers a smart way to keep transport available — even in low-density neighbourhoods — without needing more buses or drivers.
By starting AMoD pilots now, PTAs can test new ideas and prepare for the future. AMoD also helps cities meet climate goals and make first- and last-mile connections easier for passengers.
What Needs to Happen First?
Setting up AMoD services requires help from many partners. In the Netherlands, this includes:
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National ministries and the RDW (vehicle approval and safety),
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Regions like Flevoland (funding and smart infrastructure),
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Cities like Almere (local planning and public outreach),
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And organisations like CROW and ROVER (standards and community feedback).
Working together is key. Everyone has a role in making sure AVs (automated vehicles) are safe, legal, and easy to use.
A Step-by-Step Strategy for Cities Like Almere
To launch AMoD successfully, Almere is following this plan:
1. Set Clear Goals
Decide how AVs can solve real problems, like poor access in Almere Hout or helping meet climate targets.
2. Start with a Pilot
Choose test areas, create safe routes, and design user-friendly systems. The goal is to learn and improve.
3. Plan for the Future Tender (2028–2037)
Make sure new transport contracts allow for AVs and encourage PTOs to include AMoD in their services.
4. Get Legal Approvals
Work with the RDW to get permits, clarify who is responsible in case of problems, and follow the rules.
5. Involve the Public
People must feel safe and confident. That’s why the city offers test rides and shares clear information.
6. Train Staff
City teams will need new skills in digital tools, contracts, and safety planning. Training is essential.
What Will It Cost?
Almere’s AMoD budget focuses on four areas:
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Infrastructure: smart roads, charging stations, and AV pick-up zones.
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Digital systems: booking tools, real-time tracking, and cybersecurity.
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Operations: studies, rules, pilots, and project oversight.
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Funding models: fair subsidies and partnerships with operators.
All of these investments help make transport more modern, efficient, and fair.
How Will Almere Know It’s Working?
The city will measure success using simple but smart indicators:
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Are more people using the system?
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Do they reach their destinations faster?
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Is everyone — including people with mobility issues — able to use the AVs?
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Is it affordable?
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Does it connect with the BRT line (M8)?
If the answers are positive, Almere could expand AMoD city-wide in the next public transport tender.
Facing the Risks
Of course, there are risks. Rules are still changing, some people don’t trust AVs yet, and the technology is still growing. Almere plans to manage this by:
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Working closely with regulators,
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Starting small and learning as they go,
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Communicating clearly with the public,
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And improving streets and systems over time.
Deliverable: Jointly developed long-term AMoD implementation strategies for PTAs in North West Europe. Download via the PDF-button below.